A Telephone Call By Dorothy Parker - 1347 Words

In the various works provided to the class many themes are present in all of them, this paper will be focusing on the authors methods of critiquing social norms. The short story, A Telephone Call by Dorothy Parker paints a harsh reality from the perspective of a highly anxious woman forced into a lifestyle that many would relate to in the 1900s. â€Å"My Last Duchess† by Robert Browning exposes the duke and the terrible social norms he reinforces through a poetic format allowing the reader to interpret his strange behavior on their own. Their Eyes Were Watching God, a novel, by Zora Neale Hurston attempts to defy social norms and showcase the positive outcomes of such. Lastly, A Streetcar Named Desire is a play by Tennessee Williams which satirically points out the extremist behaviors that are approved and even rewarded by society. These pieces of literature from different genres still point out the same issues in social norms in regards to the power struggle between men and w omen and gender roles. Although the perspective changes, as the characters are different or the economy of words is different between the genres the message stays the same. A Telephone Call by Dorothy Parker comes from the perspective of a extremely anxious woman waiting for the return of her lover, rushing from emotion to emotion, completely captivated by the absence of a man. â€Å"I’ll be good, God. I will try to be better, I will, if you let me see him again.† (Woronzoff 23) the act of calling upon god,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Dorothy Parkers A Telephone Call And The Waltz1624 Words   |  7 PagesIn Dorothy Parker’s writings such as â€Å"A Telephone Call† and â€Å"The Waltz†, the women are obsessed with the men, which relates to her personal life. For example, Parker married three times, remarrying the same guy twice, so this proves that Parker has lots of experience with men. Due to being married with two men, it is likely Parker experienced somethings similar to the narrators in both stories, inspiring her to write from her life. Parker was a civil rights activist, and during the civil rights movementRead MoreThe Consumption Of Desperation : A Telephone Call980 Words   |  4 PagesThe Consumption of Desperation: A Telephone Call Can a telephone control our love for someone? In the short story A Telephone Call by Dorothy Parker, she captures the reader’s attention by using various narrative devices such as conflict, style, setting to foreshadow the theme of desperation and anxiety a woman faces when she discovers her love for someone. Women are attention crazed beings, and this is seen thoroughly in this story. The author’s use of conflict is illustrated by the narrator’sRead MoreThe Importance of Elements of Fiction in Writing Short Stories1076 Words   |  5 Pagesin writing short story. Every element represents difference explanation and interpretation of what is the meanings that author want to deliver to the reader. Meaning also was trying to deliver to the reader by Dorothy Parker through Elements of fiction of short story called â€Å"A Telephone Call†. Elements of fiction itself have several major parts, there are plot, character, setting, point of view, language, tone, and style, theme, and also symbol. All those parts of it are really depending on authorRead More Dorothy Parker Essays922 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen better without: Love, curiosity, freckles, and doubt. Three be the things I shall never attain: Envy, content, and sufficient champagne. Three be the things I shall have till I die: Laughter and hope and a sock in the eye. *** Dorothy Parker became popular shortly after the first world war with her light verse and short stories. Although her works may not seem harsh and unwomanly today, they were labeled in this manner at the height of her popularity. Her cynical verses developedRead MoreThe Golden Age Of Detective Fiction913 Words   |  4 Pagesothers, and usually including a complex puzzle for the reader to try to unravel. Christie s novels include, Murder on the Orient Express (1934), Death on the Nile (1937), and And Then There Were Noe (1939). Also popular were the stories featuring Dorothy L. Sayers s Lord Peter Wimsey and S. S. Van Dine’s Philo Vance. It features one of the early appearances of the diminutive Belgian detective, Hercule Poirot, who is called upon to investigate the village murder of the titular hero whose untimelyRead MoreCalculus Oaper13589 Words   |  55 PagesHowever, the favorable reviews the book has received in feminist journals, including Signs and Spokeswoman, suggest that Miller s heterocentric assumptions are widely shared In The Mermaid and the Minotaur Sexual Arrangements and the Human Malaise, Dorothy Dinnerstein makes an impassioned argument for the sharing of parenting between women and men and for an end to what she perceives as the male/female symbiosis of gender arrangements, which she feels are leading the species further and further intoRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages1 You are the director of the information center in a multinational corporation in which employees are rarely in their offices. You have just been asked to make plans to transform the library into a virt ual library with information available by telephone and Internet 2 You are a school librarian just hired by a city planning a new high school. Suddenly you find that you are the administrator of a milliondollar operation and need to be skilled as a facilities planner, designer, technology consultantRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesEDITOR ASSISTANT EDITOR PRODUCTION MANAGER PRODUCTION ASSISTANT EXECUTIVE MARKETING MANAGER ASSISTANT MARKETING MANAGER MARKETING ASSISTANT DESIGN DIRECTOR SENIOR DESIGNER SENIOR MEDIA EDITOR George Hoffman Lise Johnson Carissa Doshi Dorothy Sinclair Matt Winslow Amy Scholz Carly DeCandia Alana Filipovich Jeof Vita Arthur Medina Allison Morris This book was set in 10/12 New Caledonia by Aptara ®, Inc. and printed and bound by Courier/Westford. The cover was printed by Courier/WestfordRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesManager Senior Production Editor Freelance Development Editor Senior Designer Interior Design Senior Media Editor Senior Photo Editor Production Management Cover Design Cover Credit George Hoffman Lise Johnson Sarah Vernon Amy Scholz Laura Finley Dorothy Sinclair Sandra Dumas Susan McLaughlin Kevin Murphy Laura Ierardi Allison Morris Hilary Newman mb editorial services David Levy  ©Michael Eudenbach/Getty Images, Inc. This book was set in 10/12 ITC Legacy Serif Book by Aptaracorp, Inc. and printedRead MoreQuality Improvement328284 Words   |  1314 PagesControl DOUGLAS C. MONTGOMERY Arizona State University John Wiley Sons, Inc. Executive Publisher: Don Fowley Associate Publisher: Daniel Sayer Acquisitions Editor: Jennifer Welter Marketing Manager: Christopher Ruel Production Manager: Dorothy Sinclair Production Editor: Sandra Dumas Senior Designer: Kevin Murphy New Media Editor: Lauren Sapira Editorial Assistant: Mark Owens Production Management Services: Elm Street Publishing Services Composition Services: Aptara, Inc. This book was

Tuesdays with Morrie Essay - 812 Words

The focus throughout Tuesdays with Morrie was on life. Many might see it as the story of death, but it is actually the story life. Morrie might talk a little on how he meets death, but what he is talking about is living at the end of his life. Mitch writes, â€Å"Now here we were . . . . . . Dying man talks to living man, tells him what he should know.†(Albom, 133) When a timer is placed on Morrie’s remaining days, he obtains a dying man’s perspective on what is truly important in life, and how to incorporate in life this importance. I looked for parts of the book that pertain directly to my life; I focused on this concept while reading this book. My thesis remained elusive. There wasn’t a Tuesday that jumped out at me, and then I came to the†¦show more content†¦Morrie becomes Mitch’s guru and life-coach in earnest, as he becomes Mitch’s ambassador to death. Mitch is caught in the nowhere-man, rat-race lifestyle. He is unfulfilled in his life and can’t see why. He has suckled from Mother Culture’s teat, and the poison it yields. Mitch shows he has bought into consumerism, when he says â€Å"I was part of the media thunderstorm that now soaks our country. I was in demand.† (Albom, 16) he thinks this is success, and success is happiness. Morrie reveals why Mitch’s definition of happiness is unfulfilling, because culture’s poison has been packaged as nourishment, meaningfulness and life itself. Mother culture is always whispering in your head, and the voice you hear is your own. Culture is not reality, just the mass acceptance of values and behavior that one is indoctrinated in from birth. Morrie outlined how American culture was bad for the soul in many ways, he states â€Å"People are only mean when they’re threatened, and that’s what our culture does. That’s what our economy does. †¦And when you get threatened, you start looking out for only yourself.†(Albom, 154) Morrie sees why people are selfish and they feel a sense of entitlement, and he still has compassion for them. I struggle with feeling compassion in a culture that sees compassion as weakness and charity as a thing to be exploited. There was a great revelation for me when Morrie’s talks about cultures problem, â€Å". . . the biggest defect we human beingShow MoreRelatedTuesday with Morrie2551 Words   |  11 PagesAlbom, and Morrie who is the main subject. Their relationship starts when Mitch is in college while Morrie is his sociology professor. Morrie seems to be a man who wants to leave a legacy behind after he dies since he has been told by the doctor that his life is coming to an end. Mitch considers it a privilege meeting someone who teaches about life and offers solutions to life challenges. As Morrie happens to meet with Mitch, his past student and friend, they plan to start meeting on Tuesdays and MitchRead MoreTuesdays With Morrie By Morrie1882 Words   |  8 Pages Tuesdays with Morrie tells the real story of Morrie Schwartz. Morrie was a university professor who was dying of ALS (Lou Gehrig s disease). Instead of being afraid of death, he faced it head on and decided to make the most of his time left. After seeing a Nightline episode featuring his old professor, Morrie, the author, Mitch, decides to pay his old professor a visit. Mitch is intrigued by Morrie s attitude towards death and his life lessons, so he decides to visit Morrie again next TuesdayRead MoreTuesdays with Morrie Essay1074 Words   |  5 PagesCameron, discuss how effectively Mitch Albom, author of Tuesdays with Morrie, uses plot and story, character developm ent, point of view, theme, and symbols to convey his mesage. Include your personal thoughts and views, as well as textual references, to support your opinions. In Mitch Albom’s Tuesday’s with Morrie, Albom detailed his personal experiences with his professor Morrie Schwartz. Mitch also expressed how influential Morrie was to his friends, relatives, patients, and coworkers. WithinRead MoreTuesdays with Morrie Essay1149 Words   |  5 PagesTuesdays with Morrie. The symbolic interactionism is an excellent sociological perspective that allows us to focus on micro activities and to analyze our society which is the product of everyday’s life. Tuesdays with Morrie is more than a simple book, more than a romance one; it is a great book that teaches us many of life’s greatest lessons. An analysis of this book using the SI perspective and concepts such as meaning making, status, impression management, looking-glass self, role taking, roleRead MoreTuesdays With Morrie Analysis771 Words   |  4 Pageshad kept hidden†(Albom 64). This quote is from Tuesdays with Morrie, It is talking about how the main character Mitch Albom puts himself in Morries Schwartz’s shoes. Morrie had a disease called Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, a nervous system disease that weakens muscles and impact physical functions. Morrie is Mitch’s old college professor. They meet on tuesdays at Morries house to talk about his life lessons that he h as learned over his lifespan. Morrie teaches people to live through loving what heRead MoreSummary Of Tuesdays With Morrie1487 Words   |  6 PagesTuesdays with Morrie was awakening, yet, heartbreaking and I couldn’t put the book down. It was a story of friendship that turned to love, a story of family, a story of trust, and a story of death. As I read each page, I felt closer to Morrie Schwartz as if I knew him personally. Morrie, the main character in the book, was a kind, sensitive soul. He believed in humanity, and enjoyed sharing his wisdom with others. As a sociology professor at Brandeis University he taught and mentored many studentRead MoreEssay on Tuesdays with Morrie577 Words   |  3 PagesTuesdays with Morrie The setting is late of 1979. A young boy visits with an elderly man every Tuesday to be enlightened on the meaning of life. His name is Mitchell, but friends call him ?Mitch.? The greatest lesson of life is life. Professor Morrie Schwartz is a special teacher, not only is he an instructor, but a mentor and a friend. He is a small elderly man with thin gray hair who dresses casual in old gray sweatshirts. Morrie was a dancer and also a prominent doctor of sociology. He wasRead MoreSummary Of Tuesdays With Morrie1945 Words   |  8 PagesAphorism Narrative Aphorisms are statements of observations that express an opinion or remarks of wisdom. Tuesdays With Morrie is a book about a man who’s dying from ALS, or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis which is a â€Å"progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord.† (What Is ALS?) Morrie uses aphorisms quite frequently to accept his future and make peace with the past. The two aphorisms I chose are about making your life as fulfilling as possibleRead MoreTuesdays With Morrie Character Analysis707 Words   |  3 Pagesso afraid to show their emotions? In the book Tuesdays with Morrie, there is a man named Morrie who teaches people to be more open rather than afraid to give their love to others, and to be able to receive ones outgoing love. Morrie teaches Mitch showing his emotions is natural and it’s what every living thing does. Morrie tells his student Mitch â€Å"The most important thing in life is to learn how to give out love, and let love come in.†(Albom 53) Morrie says â€Å"people should not be scared or nervousRead MoreReflection on Tuesdays With Morrie Essay1757 Words   |  8 PagesReflection on Tuesdays With Morrie Tuesdays With Morrie is a heart-touching story of a retired Brandeis University sociology professor, Morrie Schwartz, teaching some of life’s greatest lessons to a former student, Mitch Albom, the author. Mitch, on his graduation from Brandeis University had promised to keep in touch with his favorite professor, Morrie Schwartz. But he never did until Morrie was dying. Morrie was diagnosed with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS); a severe debilitating disease

All Quiet On The Western Front (1266 words) Essay Example For Students

All Quiet On The Western Front (1266 words) Essay All Quiet on the Western FrontAll Quieton the Western FrontNationalism can be defined as having asense of belonging and loyalty to ones country or nation state. Of allthe European nations, France was the first to sport the idea of nationalism. Many countries became influenced by the Frenchs ideas of nationalism. As a result nationalism had spread throughout out Europe by the nineteenthand twentieth century. One result that nationalism had on Europe was, thewanting of unification. The people of nation states wanted their countryto belong to. This wanting lea d to the unifying of Italy and Germany. Soon nationalism had increased the peoples confidence, and a feeling ofimperialism ran through the unified countries. Unified countries such asFrance, Germany, Russia wanted to extend their empires. But this Imperialismin Europe led to many conflicts between countries. All this Conflict eventuallyresulted in the beginning of World War I The causes of World War I werethe intense nationalism that dominated Europe throughout the 19th and intothe 20th century, and the establishment of large armies in Europe after1871. Imperialism created a rivalry between nations and empires. The buildup of armies and navies created fear between nations. France feared Germany,Germany feared Russia, Austria-Hungary and Russia rivalled around Balkans,Britain feared Germans expanding navy, Slovakia wanted to free Slavianland from Astria-Hungarys oppression. Italy was jealous of French andEnglish colonies in Africa. Ottoman Empire struggled to survive in a hostileclimate. Germany signed a secret alliance wit h Austria-Hungary and Italy,thus creating a Triple Alliance. France and Russia signed an Entente agreementwhich was later signed by Britain, thus creating Triple Entante. Then Europewas divided into hostile camps. During this time nationalism had causeda glorified view of the war. These views showed how inexperienced the peopleof Europe were in warfare. In Erich Maria Remarques novel All Quiet onthe Western Front, we can see that even though this glorious view contradictedthe Germans soldiers expectations, they still stayed loyal. In the Beginning of the novel we read thatPaul Baumer and his classmates had volunteered to enlist in the war. Butthey were forced in to volunteering. Their school master Kantorek had filledtheir heads up with views of nationalism which glorified the war. Somestudents were even under the pressure of their parents to enlist. Not enlistingwould be like turning your back on your country. To the teachers and schoolmasters, going to war was the best thing a man could do for his country. When Baumer and his friends get to boot camp, they find out all is notwhat they expected it to be. In boot camp Baumer and his classmates aretaught to be soldiers. They Find out that everything that was learned inschool, has no meaning in the war. It was also in the front line, wereBaumer and his friends see the contradictions made by the people at home. Paul and his comrades all experienced the true horror of the war in thefront. Each one of the classmates and German soldiers experienced deathof other soldiers, the agony of the wounded. Baumers group also facedhunger, fear, the destructiveness of the new war technology. These technologiesincluded the use of machine guns, gas, flamethrowers, bombing planes, andthe tanks used by the British. Despite al l these contradictions Baumersgroup and the German soldiers seen, they stilled continued to stay loyalto the war. One reason why the German soldiers continued to fight in thewar was the training they received. In All Quiet on the Western Front,Baumer and his group had one of the strictness drill instructors, CorporalHimmelstoss. Despite what seemed like abuse, Himmelstoss training actuallybenefited the soldiers. Himmelstoss training, made the soldiers bitter,and their senses were sharpened. They soldiers needed to be bitter, andmore sharp, it they were to survive the war. The will to su rvive is anotherreason why the German soldiers kept fighting. During a counter attack,Baumer explains that the soldiers undergo transformation. Baumer says thatthey become wild beasts in the field. Baumers says that their objectiveis to fight, but to defend themselves against annihilation. The soldersalso feel an anger from within, which allows them to kill, and to thensave them selves. Paul also goes on to say that when they are in this rage,they kill. If the soldiers dont k ill, their enemies will kill them. TheGerman soldiers have no choice; you either kill or be killed by you foe. .u0b9728c4af6e578f2b8cfd6a7106d556 , .u0b9728c4af6e578f2b8cfd6a7106d556 .postImageUrl , .u0b9728c4af6e578f2b8cfd6a7106d556 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0b9728c4af6e578f2b8cfd6a7106d556 , .u0b9728c4af6e578f2b8cfd6a7106d556:hover , .u0b9728c4af6e578f2b8cfd6a7106d556:visited , .u0b9728c4af6e578f2b8cfd6a7106d556:active { border:0!important; } .u0b9728c4af6e578f2b8cfd6a7106d556 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0b9728c4af6e578f2b8cfd6a7106d556 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0b9728c4af6e578f2b8cfd6a7106d556:active , .u0b9728c4af6e578f2b8cfd6a7106d556:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0b9728c4af6e578f2b8cfd6a7106d556 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0b9728c4af6e578f2b8cfd6a7106d556 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0b9728c4af6e578f2b8cfd6a7106d556 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0b9728c4af6e578f2b8cfd6a7106d556 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0b9728c4af6e578f2b8cfd6a7106d556:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0b9728c4af6e578f2b8cfd6a7106d556 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0b9728c4af6e578f2b8cfd6a7106d556 .u0b9728c4af6e578f2b8cfd6a7106d556-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0b9728c4af6e578f2b8cfd6a7106d556:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How Identities, Aspirations, and Achievements Of T EssayComradeship is another reason the Germans soldiers keep fighting. In thestory, Baumers group is made up of a variety of people. There is a peasant,farmer, locksmith, peatdigger, and students. In the war these diverse people,who would not normally meet in civilian life, are struggling to keep theircountry together. Also near the end of the story, two flamethrowers aregetting closer to Baumer and his companions. One of the junior officersthen gets up and shoots the flamethrowers. In the process, the junior officergets killed. This act shows how close the comradeship was in the Germanarmy. Another reason why the German soldierskept fighting was that was all they knew what to do. In the story, PaulBaumer tells us that all the older soldiers are stilled linked to theirpresent lives. These older soldiers have wives, children, jobs and intereststo come back to. According to Baumer, all the younger soldiers have tocome back to is their parents and maybe a girlfriend. The young soldiershave no jobs and no idea on what life beyond the war will be like for them. All the young soldiers know how to do is fight in the war. And that iswhat they do till they are injured, or killed. This war has totally ruinedthe lives of Baumer, his friends, and all the young German soldiers whofought in this war. The fact that the German soldiers are forcedto fight this war is anther reason they continue to stay loyal to the warcause. In All Quiet on the Western Front, Baumer and his group had a discussionon why is there war, who started the war, and why must they be there. Duringthis discussion we find out that none of them actually wants to be at war. If they had the chance would leave the war to go home. Baumers group concludedthat the cause of the war is because of some general or ruler wanting togain fame. They are stuck fighting for this cause none of them wants tofight for. The most important reason why the Germansoldiers stayed loyal to the war was the bit of nationalism still leftinside of them. The fact alone that they were continuing war that theycouldnt win, was a sign of the loyalty to their country. Throughout the entire novel, there was not one indication of mutiny. The German soldierskept fighting and never turned their back on the war or their country. Even in the end of the novel, Baumer shows his nationalism. Near the endBaumer tells us that the German soldiers are not beaten, because they arebetter and more experience than the other soldiers. It was just they weredriven back by overwhelming superior forces. This statement by Paul showedthat the German soldiers sill nationalism, despite the contradict ionsmade by their people at home. In conclusion, because of the strong feelingsof nationalism in Europe, many conflicts broke out between the countriesand empires of Europe. The results of these conflicts eventually lead toWorld War I. During the war, the peoples view of nationalism of ten contradictedwhat the soldiers had to face in the war. These views showed how inexperiencedthe people were in modern warfare. In Erich Maria Remarques novel AllQuiet on the Western Front, we can see despite all these contradictingviews, that the German soldiers continued to fight a war they could notwin.

Importance of Business Ethics for the Organisation Free Sample

Question: Dicuss about the Ethical Theories. Answer: Many companies make use of various ways to promote the products and stay ahead of the competitors (Crane and Matten 2016). They make use of various tools and platforms that will promote the products. In addition to this, they might have use of various ways to attract the customers (Weiss 2014). At times, they might indulge in activities that might be entirely different from the sectors where the company is working (Hoffman, Frederick and Schwartz 2014). Indulging in various events will give the company proper recognition as more number of people will come to know about it (Chell et al. 2016). While carrying out the business the companies should not forget the business ethics that they should follow (Hartman et al. 2014). A business can be said to be successful only when they are in the business activities by keeping in mind the business ethics and then carrying out the business (DesJardins and McCall 2014). Not following the ethics will not only tarnish the image of the company but t he company might land up in legal issues (Doh, Husted and Yang 2016). The write-up will look into the ethical issues of Nike. Nike has arranged a marathon promote a new product. The ethical theory that will help in assessing the issues of Nike will be taken into account. Moreover, the actions of Nike will be discussed based on the theme that will be might be affected due to the actions taken by Nike. Nike caught the attention of many critics when it arranged a marathon in December 2016 (Dickinson 2016). The marathon was named breaking 2 and was aimed at breaking the 2 hour 2 minutes 57 seconds time of Dennis Kimetto. Other than the marathons that take place in any internationally acclaimed sports meet, some of the marathons are recognized by the rest of the world are the ones that are held in Berlin or London. On the contrary, the marathon that was arranged by Nike was not acclaimed in the international level. Nike promoted the fact if the runners wear shoes that are made from Nike, it will be easier for them to break world record of Dennis Kimetto. The worst part of the marathon is that if any of the individual is successful in breaking the record, there will be no official affirmation in his or her case. In spite of making such record, the person would not be recognized as the event is not recognized. Nike came under the radar for violating of business ethics mainly because of two things. Firstly, they are testing something in human endurance and capability and asking them to do something that is at par with something the professional sportspersons can do (Swanson and Frederick 2016). It can be dangerous to the health of the individual who will try to break the record. Secondly, some critics feel that, there are some special features in the shoes that might help a person to run faster (Jennings 2014). For example, the shoes will be attached with springs that will help the runners to run faster. The human beings are considered as guinea pigs and who are being experimented to test the new types of shoes that are being launched by Nike. Marketing a new product is the right of a company but experimenting something upon the human being and that too taking risk with the their health is not a ethical choice for any organization. The runner will only get recognition for Nike and no proper recognition will be given to the person who will be able to able the record . The person will remain a faceless and nameless individual without any award or recognition and will just be a matter of experiment for Nike (May, Luth and Schwoerer 2014). Experimenting with the health of people is highly unethical for company (Crane and Matten 2016). The action taken by Nike can be termed unethical going by the theory of ethic that has been introduced by Kant 11. (O'Neill 2013). Immanuel Kant is a German philosopher and he was quite opposing to utilitarianism ethics. utilitarianism ethics believed in the fact that an action can be called ethical or unethical based on the outcome of the action. An action can be unethical in nature but the reason for the unethical action can be ethical or the result of the unethical action can be ethical. In such a situation, the actions taken by an indicidal or an organization can be called ethical. Kant believed that there are certain actions that could not be justified even if the outcome of the action is good. He gave examples that some of the action like stealing, lying or murder cannot be accepted. Kant has asked the individuals to ask the following questions to oneself before indulging in any kind of actions: Can a person rationally will that others will think and act the way the person is acting or willing? If the answer to the question is no, then the person should prevent himself or herself to act in that way. Does the action of the individual respects the goals of the human beings or the actions are solving the purpose of the individual? If the answer is again no then also the person should stop in indulging in any such action. As far as Nike is concerned, the actions taken by the company can be said to be unethical as the company is arranging the event of the marketing and promotions of their products and they have not thought about the consequences of the actions (Weiss 2014). The actions are been taken into consideration to promote the product, which can be helpful for the company, but might can cause serious damage to the health of the individual (Hoffman, Frederick and Schwartz 2014). In addition to this, it has been predicted that shoes are being attached with springs that will help the person to run fast. Thus, it cannot be said to the contribution of the person who will be participating in the marathon will be false. It will be the features of the shoes that have helped the person to win the marathon. The action by Nike can be said to be unethical as the people will be under the delusion that they have won the title because of their ability (Chell et al. 2016). Corporate social responsibility is one of the biggest concerns for many organizations (Hartman et al. 2014). It should be the duty of every organization to think about the development of the society along with carrying out the business (DesJardins and McCall 2014). At times, the company might not indulge in any kind of action to fulfill their corporate social responsibility (Doh, Husted and Yang 2016). The actions that they will take while carrying out the business will show the corporate social responsibility (Swanson and Frederick 2016). The actions taken by Nike to promote the products were huge but the actions were a huge blow to the corporate social responsibility of the company. If they are carrying out an event and thinking of breaking a record, then they should have taken proper measures and would have taken the initiative to give recognition to the employees (Jennings 2014). They are promoting the products but they have not thought about the issues for the people who are taking part in the marathon (May, Luth and Schwoerer 2014). Some of the people might think that will be able to win the marathon as they trust the products of the company blindly. They might have not thought of the consequences. Nike might not take the responsibility of those people who might fall ill after running the distance of marathon (Crane and Matten 2016). After going through the actions of Nike and the theory of ethics as proposed by Kant, it can be concluded that the actions taken by Nike could be called unethical. The intentions of promotion of Nike can be justified. They were promoting their new products with the help of events and they had full right to ask the people participate in the event. However, the way they promoted the event was not ethical. They had set a target that is internationally acclaimed. They have not thought of the health of the individuals who would have trusted the shoes that have been newly launched by the company. The participants might think that the shoes will help them to achieve the goal. In addition to this, there was not international recognition for the marathon that was arranged by Nike. As per Kants theory, a person should not indulge in an action is just for the interest of one and not of interest for all. The actions of Nike could be justified from the perspective of the company and not from the perspective of every individual. In addition to this, Nike has also violated the corporate social responsibility of the company that an organization should have for the society. They have not thought of the people but only thought about the business. References Chell, E., Spence, L.J., Perrini, F. and Harris, J.D., 2016. Social entrepreneurship and business ethics: does social equal ethical?.Journal of Business Ethics,133(4), pp.619-625. Crane, A. and Matten, D., 2016.Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. DesJardins, J.R. and McCall, J.J., 2014.Contemporary issues in business ethics. Cengage Learning. Dickinson, M. 2016. Count swooshes and take a guess. [online] Theaustralian.com.au. Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/sport/the-times-sport/the-sub-twohour-marathon-a-nike-gimmick-or-sport-evolution/news-story/a4af7a84f239fe84d2c5b30ed52e8c55 [Accessed 5 Apr. 2017]. Doh, J., Husted, B.W. and Yang, X., 2016. Guest Editors Introduction: Ethics, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Developing Country Multinationals.Business Ethics Quarterly,26(03), pp.301-315. Hartman, L.P., DesJardins, J.R., MacDonald, C. and Hartman, L.P., 2014.Business ethics: Decision making for personal integrity and social responsibility. New York: McGraw-Hill. Hoffman, W.M., Frederick, R.E. and Schwartz, M.S. eds., 2014.Business ethics: Readings and cases in corporate morality. John Wiley Sons. Jennings, M.M., 2014.Business ethics: Case studies and selected readings. Cengage Learning. May, D.R., Luth, M.T. and Schwoerer, C.E., 2014. The influence of business ethics education on moral efficacy, moral meaningfulness, and moral courage: A quasi-experimental study.Journal of Business Ethics,124(1), pp.67-80. O'Neill, O., 2013.Acting on principle: An essay on Kantian ethics. Cambridge University Press. Swanson, D.L. and Frederick, W.C., 2016. Denial and leadership in business ethics education.Business ethics: New challenges for business schools and corporate leaders, pp.222-240. Weiss, J.W., 2014.Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

Courses Essays - Curricula, Course, Bachelors Degree,

Courses Good And Bad In colleges there are good and bad courses that people take. Some of them are happy to take those classes and some of them are not, like me. I took many courses from a college and now I can compare which courses are good or which courses are bad. The good courses are the ones that are electives, which you are not required to take. On the other hand, the bad courses are the ones you must take. Those courses that you must take are the general education courses. Which are history, Psychology, Math, Etc. They are bad because you are forced to take those courses but the good classes are the optional courses that you are not forced to take. It gives you comfort when you do not have to do something but you want to do it anyway. I think this is the same with courses too. When you have to do something you do not learn anything but when you want something you learn a lot of things. Bad courses are hard to understand. At least they are hard to understand for me because English is not my first language and does not matter how well I speak or if I know English, I still have problems with it. Especially in history courses. Sometimes I do not understand a word because they are using old English. But in good courses I can understand easily such as computer classes. My major is computer so I know a little bit about computers. It does not matter how much you know because it is always the same. It uses the same language. Time passes so quickly that you do not even understand that the class is finished in good courses because it is enjoyable and easy to understand. In the required courses you start to count the seconds, since you get into the class because it is boring and you have to deal with boring teachers. You don't understand a word that the teacher says. Teachers are so serious that they don't even make jokes or let you talk in the class. They just start lecturing from the beginning till the end of the class. These are the major comparison on the things about the good and the bad courses in college. No matter which college you go to, there will be always two kinds of courses. I feel sorry because I have to take those bad courses although I do not want to.

Some Thoughts on what is to be Done

Some Thoughts on what is to be Done Many books have been written within the concept of development. It is evident from a historical perspective that there have been different perspectives as far as the term ‘development’ is concerned. Gilbert Rist, one of the greatest authors of his time has written very a comprehensive book on development. In his book, ‘The History of Development: From Western Origins to Global Faith’, Rist attempts to vividly make evident that which has not been seen. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Some Thoughts on what is to be Done specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He offers a fierce critique of western models of development, especially those recommended to ‘developing countries’. While he provides a bare account of development, he is not to be considered pessimistic but instead aims to make people aware of the facts of development motives, especially by the western countries. This essay seek s to offer a summary of Chapter 13 of Rist’s book as well as to provide a conclusion from a personal perspective. A number of authors have recommended this book to an overwhelmingly large number of people who would like to understand the forces that have shaped North-South relations for over half a century now. The book has a total of 14 chapters, each with identifiably unique yet related content. In chapter 13, Rist attempts to provide an overview of the preceding chapters with an aim of highlighting important themes brought out in the book. The chapter is entitled, ‘Some Thoughts on what is to be Done’ and widely focuses on ‘development’ as a misrepresented concept. First of all, it points out the Western countries’ misconception of ‘development’ since they provide a misleading definition. From Western understanding, growth or progress should be an ever continuing process (238). The same idea is still perpetrated even to the pr esent and has resulted in a greater division between nations. The West’s aim is to justify its ostensible superiority in all conceivable human achievements. These include; the military activities, technological and economic domination. In order to ensure the penetration of their idea, they constructed and disseminated the concept of ‘underdevelopment’. This hegemony of ‘development’ created a ‘false opposite’ so that countries perceived to be underdeveloped would struggle to catch up (238). However, in order to sound ‘optimistic’, the West introduced the term ‘developing countries’ that only served to reinforce the illusion of attaining material prosperity for all humanity. At the moment, according to Rist, virtually all leaders of states have embraced the ‘development’ paradigm. Everyone is talking about ‘development’ yet in most instances, they all doubt this possibility, individuall y. However, Rist notes that since every belief gets used to periodic uncertainties, they do not alter the mutual consensus attained during socially binding rites (239). Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This tendency takes captive of individual doubts on the precept that everyone else believes what has been collectively agreed upon. As a way of getting nations to demonstrate commitment to the belief, there are several forms of obligatory practices (239). The use of conventional ways of defining and solving problems are used. According to Rist, ‘development’ serves to bring forth inequality and exclusion apart from the need to meet the needs of consumers. He also observes that the gap between North and South is always widening. Similarly, the gap between the rich and the poor in each of the nations is also widening. The continued feeding of the well-of f group only serves to fuel the hopes of attaining the same status by the poor. This dream bars the realization that they are actually being exploited (239). The developing nations have been blinded by the numerous forms of ‘development assistance’ from the well-off nations, albeit the fact the aid barely reaches the target group but instead land on destitute authorities. The essay has offered a summary of Rist’s work from chapter 13 of his book. It has brought out his ideas on how ‘development’ as a concept has been misrepresented by the West at the expense of other countries. We can conclude that Rist’s arguments about development, to a significant extent, have the ability to enlighten people of all categories. It offers a new perspective of looking beneath the surface of every claim and engagements among nations as well as within independent countries. Work Cited Rist, G. The history of development: from western origins to global faith (2n d ed.). Zed Books, 238- 239

Great Depression and the New Deal Research Paper

Great Depression and the New Deal - Research Paper Example The Great Depression had far reaching impact on the economic and political climate of the US. By 1933, unemployment had soared to 25 percent. Industrial production declined by 50 percent as investments fell by 98 percent. Between 1929 and 1932 the income of the average American family was reduced by 40%, from $2,300 to $1,500. Politically, the federal presence came to play an increasing role in the American life, because of various relief projects launched by the government to bring the tottering masses to their feet. The Depression brought about a major realignment of political forces. Politics came to be dictated by the economic conditions. At the height of Depression, people chose the Democrats over the Republicans that had been the dominating party since the Civil War. A new coalition consisting of big-city ethnics, African Americans, and Southern Democrats committed, to varying degrees, to interventionist government came into being. In the 1930 elections, Democrats took control of the House of Representatives. Republicans lost control of the Senate in 1932. The shadow of the Depression dominated American political life for decades. The dominance of Democratic Party in the House of Representatives, Senate, and the White House continued for the next 50 years. The presidential elections of 1932 were held in the backdrop of the Great Depression. During the election campaign, Democratic candidate Franklin D. Roosevelt castigated the incumbent Herbert Hoover for being unable to contain the downward spiral of the economy.

Organization of nazarene Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Organization of nazarene - Essay Example nternational headquarters was in Kansas City, Missouri, since 2008 the location of Global Ministry Center is Prairie Star Parkway, Lenexa, Kansas (Ingersol 65). The Church puts together congregational and Episcopal policies to come up with the ‘representative’ government. The feature that is silent in this structure is the power that is shared between the clergy and the people as well as between the denomination and the local church. The Assembly acts as the supreme doctrine creating, lawmaking, and one with the elective authority according to the constitution of the church (Ingersol 87). It is made up with representatives from denomination’s district worldwide. General Superintendent is the highest elected office. The local church is the basic unit of organization and it can either be church type mission or an organized church. Local congregations are divided administratively into geographical districts. The Church is usually associated with higher education; it provides college/university (students), faculty leadership, administrative, and spiritual and financial support. The church college/university is an important part of the church and a fraction of every local church’s and district budget is put towards Nazarene higher

Alcohol Use in Micronesia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Alcohol Use in Micronesia - Essay Example Today, alcoholism is a major issue that calls for international attention and input to try and manage. This paper evaluates the culture Truk, Marshallese, and Palau, and compares them to identify distinct differences and similarities to generate a hypothesis. Prior to the Japanese administration, chewing of betel nut was common, until the Japanese introduced alcohol and it is now a part of their traditional and modern day occasions except house parties intended for financial exchanges (Nero 1990). The Palaun’s today are associated with high drinking capacities. This drunkenness is linked to increased wife-beating which is today more common than ever for this culture. Abuse origin is thought to be the administration of the Japanese who introduced corporal punishment as a mode of discipline and for violence against women by their husbands, and increased drunkenness amongst Palauan’s men resulting to high Palauan aggressiveness. Chuuk culture is located in Moen Island where alcohol abuse is a common practice that originated from United States immigrants, embedded into Trukese cultural system, and perpetrated by their cultural attitudes and values (Mac 1979). Additionally, Trukese marriage stability occurs with age where men become less violent and are only alcoholics unlike youngsters who drink and engage in fights. Trukese are alcohol abusers identified through destructive conduct and aggressiveness and fights. These drunkards are mostly identified as high school dropouts, and unemployed wage workers (Mac 1979: 134). The Marshallese people are located in Moen islands and originally consumed alcohol in during transition of young males to manhood. However, bottled alcohol or liquor was introduced to them by Americans resulting to changes in youth ethos to take charge of their own affairs and not blindly following the community elders (Carucci 1949: 147). Alcoholism amongst Marshallese unmarried

Management of Product Recall Issue in Food Business

Management of Product Recall Issue in Food Business Running Head: The Case of Nutritional Foods INTRODUCTION With many companies experiencing issues when it comes to public relations need major assistance changing time to time. Some given products are prone to a major loss of consumer trust given their nature, and food products are undoubtedly topping the list. Some given products are prone to a major loss of consumer trust given their nature, and food products are undoubtedly topping the list. Expectations of consumers when it comes to issues pertaining food safety is high, and they can rebel against taking in a product which shows signs of not being safe. Such situation is as the one facing Nutritional Foods with reports arising from different County Health officials of a possible food poisoning crisis. The procedure the company takes in the fallout of a possible case of food poisoning can wholly determine where a company’s future is headed to. CASE OVERVIEW The Nutritional Foods Inc. is experiencing possibly one of the most hard to deal with crisis, a company in its stated sector of work might have actually faced. With the reports arising from different counties about the claims of a possible food poisoning of consumers, with little kids reportedly affected. The company mandated two mangers to go survey the first two counties in which the first cases were reported, with two more managers being sent to the other two counties were same cases arose. Much information was sought out by the company, with aims to determine the batch numbers of the supposed products with the problems. On the same day at 7pm, more problems were reported and the company resorted to pulling back all of the batches of the products in context, from consumers yet to consume them and also from retail shops yet to sell them. A crisis Action committee meeting was convened early the next morning and considerations about inputting more steps towards redemption were stated . ETHICAL DILEMMA/ISSUE Ethical issues are very common in the corporate sector. Fred, who was the owner of a highly respected fresh juice producer company that specializes in the production of nutritional foods found himself in the wrong side of law when the firm’s apple products were targeted with poisoning claims. If I was the company consultant at the time, I would have detailed knowledge of tackling issues revolving around non pasteurized products, product distribution process and how the company’s growth and success is dependent on acceptance by consumers. If was working there at the time, I would be proactive when handling such issues by devising contingency plan that would mitigate these dilemmas before they arise. If I was privileged to be CEO of this company, I would have enforced fundamental measures that would ensure there is integrity in all the standard operating procedures of the firm. If my firm and integrity were put on the spot, I would form a philosophy encouraging pro-active ness. If the allegations are confirmed, I would remove all products from the company storage for further investigations to determine the cause and call a press conference to discuss the issue at hand with the public. The public have to be made aware that the company is worried about everyone and it is not only focused on profitability. The company can depict ethics when it convinces everyone that it will maintain safety and health standards. If the company does not adhere to ethical practices to consolidate its market base, it will have a bad reputation of producing contaminated products and this may taint its image in future. ALTERNATIVES The company has issued a recall of the product that has been affected, but is depending on primarily on the media to get the information to the public. The company may possibly carry on with that technique, since it estimates that almost 80 percent of the newspapers contain the story, however it may not be smart to presume that the consumers will obtain news in that manner and that manner only. The company is required broad in distributing the information not limiting it to just newspapers. An additional matter that needs to be addressed is how the company should treat victims of the poisoning. The company may decide to give no reimbursement to victims willingly, however as an alternative wait until the source of the poisonings is determined and whether the company is going to be held legally responsible. Instead of making a public proclamation offering reimbursement to victims, Nutritional Foods could approach victims confidentially and propose to pay their medical bills, or facilit ate in any way required. This kind of help could be kept a secret from the journalists and media and contracts could be made with each victim so they know not to speak of it. RECOMMENDATIONS Nutritional Foods Inc. is to take action to relay information, involving the recall of the dispatched products through various channels of the media. With such measures, the company will be enhancing their nearly spoiled reputation and also make strides towards ensuring that many of its targeted consumers get this information about the recall of its products. This whole step towards recall will be based on the ethical principle standards which states that a good for many must always come first, and that the public disposal of information through the use of web pages will indicate clearly the company’s intention of not wanting to hide the information from the consumers, making this an important component of the Ethical behaviors in business (Manuel, 2008). When it will be publicly known that an existing organization will do whatever to its ability to ensure all of its customers are protected from matters or issues that arise concerning their products. On my recommendations towards compensation of the affected, I would urge Nutritional Foods Inc. to get in touch with the victims on a one to one basis and reach an agreement on how they will compensate them and also settle their medical bills. This given approach despite of who is responsible for food poisoning is the ethical of choice (Manuel, 2008). Consumers who in our case bought the unpasteurized products with total confidence in us, and as a company obtained a good rep of natural foods which are of quality to the public. Nutritional Foods Inc. should establish best how they will compensate the affected consumers who were part of the food poisoning crisis. Given it is a company on the rise, its chances of surviving is high if it takes the stated procedures and executes them well to avoid making it look messier. FUTURE IMPLICATIONS for RECOMMENDATION The company is poised to make a good image of its products, regaining the confidence it had bestowed on its base of consumers ensuring there’s no conflict of interest or hostility between them and the consumers. Other businesses in the same industry won’t try to take advantage of the situation at hand facing Nutritional Foods Inc. maintaining the healthy relation existing in the market. Other industries will stick to the good ethics of carrying out business and will follow suit in terms of conveying information to their consumer’s in-case of any errors made by them concerning their products. CONCLUSION The expectation of consumers is that the food they consume is safe, and furthermore those who buy the unprocessed organic foods anticipate elevated level of safety and health. Nutritional Foods has tackled this predicament well so far, but a lot more still needs to be done. The company must keep on performing and running in the prospect of the public, giving as a great deal of information as it can about the conditions and keeping everyone up to date as to the cause and what Nutritional Foods is doing about it. The company also needs to evaluate its internal processes to make sure that it has a working environment where moral behavior is expected and guaranteed. Reference Manuel, N. (2008). A framework for ethical decision-making. Available at  http://www.scu.edu/ethics/practicing/decision/framework.html. Accessed 17 February, 2014.

Hamlet :: English Literature Essays

Hamlet Hamlet wants to wipe his memory clean, as one would erase a slate. All of the images he has of his mother and uncle are insignificant to him now in the face of their betrayal. He will erase those images in his memory so as to not be deceived again. With his memories erased, Hamlet will be able to properly avenge his father's murder. There are many images of sickness, disease, wickedness, blemishes on the body, and other loathsome things that are metaphorically descriptive or the unwholesome condition of Denmark. Examples of this are on most pages. A few examples are found in the following places: 3.4.43 4.5.18 3.4.74 1.4.27 ACT IV, SCENE 4, LINES 28-30 "This is th' impostume of much wealth and peace, That inward breaks and shows no cause without Why the man dies." Hamlet is talking to Fortinbras' captain about the land, which has been symbolically given to Norway to prevent them from invading Denmark. This statement is however, also descriptive of Hamlet's own condition. The events that have caused his madness fester inside him like an abscess or tumor. The cause is unseen by others though it is destroying him inside. THEME ANALYSIS The true nature of Hamlet's madness has been an issue of debate for scholars over the centuries. One theory is that Hamlet's madness was for his own protection. In the time period in which Hamlet would have lived, governments functioned through the usage of intricate spying networks. In Hamlet's Denmark, no one is permitted to go unwatched. Rosencrantz, Guildenstern, and Polonius are all sent to spy on Hamlet at various times. Polonius meets his death in the process. When Hamlet discovers the atrocity committed by his uncle, he wishes for revenge. In that time, it would have been quite natural to take matters into his own hands. In order to keep his plans secret; he cannot let on that he knows of the crime. Since he is constantly being spied upon and having his actions and words reported to Claudius, he must act enigmatically. Shakespeare puts Hamlet into a situation in which he must deal with the betrayal and murder of his father by his own family members. Communication of feeling is done solely in monologue or through the reports of a third party, or spy. Hamlet must use the player's performance to observe the reaction of Claudius because the topic of the death of King Hamlet is not acceptable discussion material.

Single Mothers

Just Mom and the Kids More than one fourth of all children in the United States live with only one parent (Healthy Children). Single mothers and their children face a variety of financial and emotional complications on a day-to-day basis. Though single motherhood can be just as satisfying as sharing these experiences with a partner, there are unique difficulties to its situation. Single Motherhood is when a mother is raising a child without the support of spouse. Around half of today's mothers will spend some time as a sole custodial parent (Legal Momentum).Statistics say around forty-five percent of single mothers have never been married (Legal Momentum). That meaner fifty-five percent of single motherhood is due to divorce, abandonment, or death of a husband. The reasons why American women are increasingly becoming single mothers are teen pregnancy, father disappearances, adoption and the biggest of all, divorce (Webster University). Of three people interviewed two single motherhoo d were due to divorced and one was by choice of never being married. Single motherhood is less ideal and leads to extreme amounts of stress.Epidemiological rivers show that single mothers have low levels of self-satisfaction and high levels of anxiety and depression compared to other mothers (Social Science Computing Cooperative). Not being able to provide for your child, going through a divorce or death of a husband and dealing with the behavior of the kids are causes of a single mother's stress. When explaining how she copes with her situation Veronica Williams says, â€Å"It was rough, really rough, trying to manage all they have going on and fitting it in day to day. It was stressful at times, but I took it one day at time did what I could o† (Williams).The depression and stress also can come from all the household tasks, everyday Jobs, and errands the mothers have to take care of on a day-to-day basis. Their responsibilities are overwhelming for one person. Single mother s have a great amount of weight on their shoulders with finances, house keeping, and parenting with no help from a spouse. Veronica Williams, a single mother of two young children, explains the biggest financial burden in her family is childcare. â€Å"Finding child care for my children is a financial burden it can be so expensive, but it's something I need to o in order to work.I have to get money to raise them† (Williams). Having a spouse there to help maintain finances for the family would take a load of weight off of the single mother. A mother has to perform responsibilities that would traditionally be a father's Job, for example; taking out the trash, caring for the law, home repairs and vehicle maintenance. They often look to their children for help around the house. When asked about how her children helped around the house Veronica said, â€Å"They're much younger so they can't do much, but keep their toys picked up.House keeping ill be a little easier when they can help though†(Williams). Looking to the children for assistance around the house is not an option for single mothers when the children are so young. As the children get a little older they become more helpful and responsible. Christine Wilson, is a teacher and single mother of a fifteen year old daughter, when asked about managing housekeeping she explains, â€Å"My daughter is able to complete household chores like washing the dishes, dusting the furniture, well when money is involved† (Wilson).Since the 20th Century children with single others were sent out to work earlier than those who had both parent's in their lives (Gordon, Pitied but Not Entitled: Single Mothers and the History of Welfare, 1890-1935). As the child gets older the single mothers have a little more help around the house, but whom do they have to turn to for help with parenting? Parenting is extremely difficult without a spouse to turn to for advice, assistance, and comfort.Children of single mothers have a significant amount of responsibilities to take care of, because their mothers especially need help when she is raising the child (Kids Health). The extra responsibilities can bring a lot of stress to the child in that situation. These stressful situations can lead children to sleeping disorders, self- esteem issues, and drug and alcohol abuse. Its only normal for children of single mothers to think about what it would be like if their parent's were still together.Single parent children are more likely to have emotional or behavioral problems. Children of single mothers also are more likely to have low self esteem, use drugs or commit suicide (Wisconsin Fathers). Single motherhood often leads to excessive tress and responsibilities for the children in the family. When asked about how she coped with her parent's divorce eighteen-year-old student, Miracle Hawkins said â€Å"l was young so I didn't really understand it, but now it doesn't really bother me. It's probably better that they aren't together anyway.It's actually a life lesson for me. My mother shows me how to be a strong, independent woman and I feel like if they were together I wouldn't have realized some of the things I know now. It helped me to mature much quicker than friends who aren't living with single mothers†(Hawkins) Having only one parent in a child's life forces them to grow up much faster than a child whose parent's are still together. Through observations, interviews, and research it is concluded that single motherhood is a difficult task not only for the mother, but for their children as well.The financial and emotional problems and responsibilities it comes with are overwhelming for a mother with children. Single motherhood is not an ideal lifestyle, however it is manageable for hard working and dedicated mothers and their kids. While at the Thurman Brisbane Center I observed some of these hard working and dedicated mothers and their children. The Thurman Brisbane Homeless Center provides a variety of programs and services to assist individuals and families who are homeless.Since 2000, Thurman Brisbane Center has provided residential services to more than 15,000 individual men, women and children (Thurman Brisbane Center). When volunteering at the Thurman Brisbane Homeless Shelter I organized arts and crafts, instructed, talked, and played games with the children living in the shelter. I realized the children learned differently depending on their family situation. I deiced that certain children were more independent, than others. The weekend of Valentine's Day the project of the day was to make Valentine's Day cards for their family.There were two little girls, Gabby and Raven, they both were five years old, but had very different personalities. I then wondered if that had anything to do with the parenting of the children. Gabby was very quite and shy and didn't ask for any help when we were creating our Valentine's Day cards. She colored a picture of her mother, her brother and herself. Gabby spelled everything without any help from me. Ere family. She asked for help drawing hearts on her card and she asked me to help her with spelling when she was writing in her card.After talking and observing the girls a little more, I learned Gabby mother was a single mother living at the shelter with only Gabby and her older son. I then learned that Raven's father, mother, and older sister were also living at the shelter with her. These two girls helped me to understand that family situations can make huge impact on personality of a child. Working at the Thurman Brisbane Homeless Center has helped me improved my rebel communication skills, develop more patience, and it taught me valuable Job skills.Before I started working at the homeless shelter, I considered myself a shy person when communicating with people I didn't know. After volunteering for approximately five months, I became more comfortable and confident with myself and with com municating with others. When you learn and practice patience you don't get as irritated, stressed or overwhelmed. Working with young kids requires tons of patience, mainly because you have to explain and re-explain, especially when they re young, Just so they can understand. After working with the kids on a few Sundays I have developed that patience I needed.I learned how to talk in a tone that they would listen to and understand and how to take deep breaths to try to relax when I found myself getting impatient. Working at the shelter taught me valuable Job skills such as, commitment, organization, and active listening. I committed myself to working at the shelter for two hours every other Sunday. Although, there were times when I would have preferred to go to the mall or go to the movies, I knew I had mad a commitment to myself and the staff at the shelter to be there. I was determined to finish the Job I started.Another Job skill I improved on at the Thurman Brisbane Center was or ganization and creativity; I had to come up with ideas for arts and crafts to do with the children at the shelter. Each day we brought entertaining activities for them to do and often awarded them with candy, popcorn, and other prizes for the good awesome art projects they created. The activities and projects were based on the upcoming holidays or the current season. In October, for Halloween time the kids and I made fake ghost and decorated bags for them to put their trick-or-treating candy.During Thanksgiving holiday we made colorful turkeys out of brown paper bags and construction paper. In January our projects consisted of designing snowmen, snowflakes and mittens all out of construction paper. As mentioned before during the month of February we made Valentine's Day cards for families and friends. Before going to the Thurman Brisbane shelter I had to assure I was prepared and organized to make sure the day went smooth. Based on my lesson I had to make sure I had all he art suppl ies and prizes I would need for the day.I had to focus on what they kids liked, didn't like, and their personalities so I could try to relate to them better and develop relationships with them. I now realize that active listening skills are critical when working with anybody. Working at the Thurman Brisbane Center was very beneficial not only did it help with my research project, but it also helped me to develop mentally. Seeing the grins on the kids faces when we came with activities and candy for them made volunteering worthwhile. I was glad to have made a difference in the lives of the children.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and the Narrative Therapy model Essay Example

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and the Narrative Therapy model Essay Example Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and the Narrative Therapy model Essay Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and the Narrative Therapy model Essay The CBT Model and the Narrative Therapy model Name: Institution: The CBT Model and the Narrative Therapy model One application of the Cognitive Behavioral Theory that might be used by a pastor in counseling or a therapy session is the A-B-C model (Yarhouse, 2008). In this approach, the family therapy works with individuals in the family to increase awareness on how irrational beliefs and distortions caused by certain actions or events serve as the foundation for their emotional distress. Through this approach, the family therapist can make the individuals in the family understand how the activating events (A) in a family relationship precede beliefs (B) that lead to consequent emotions (C). This approach can identify with the Christian family because it is in harmony with the principles of Christianity, which emphasize on the need to be aware of the consequences of one’s actions (Yarhouse, 2008). In conclusion, the beliefs in the A-B-C approach do not refer to the beliefs in Christianity; instead, they refer to beliefs that are activated by negative actions or events set in motion by an individual’s actions. I would use the A-B-C model because it applies the assumptions set in the behavioral family therapy model with an additional emphasis on an individual’s thoughts. This model puts the individual’s mental action into consideration by exploring its influence on an individual’s behavior (Yarhouse, 2008). To apply this model in counseling or a therapy session, a therapist simply adds cognitive components to the behavioral family therapy model. These cognitive components are usually in the form of irrational thoughts. With the cognitive components in place, the process of applying this model will be a systematic process that begins with formal assessment to determine the functional analysis and the baseline in the situation. Afterwards, the therapist will apply this technique in an attempt to arrive to a solution while putting into consideration the family’s beliefs (Yarhouse, 2008). The narrative therapy model does not put into consideration the ideas and thoughts that are derived by Christian families from the Holy Bible. This therapy model puts more emphasis on individual stories from families as compared to cultural narratives, which have been dominant for years and generations passed. This has been mainly because of postmodernism, which allows this theory to brush away any form of universal truths drawn from religious contexts (Yarhouse, 2008). Although the narratives from dominant cultures may appear far-fetched in their theoretical claims and philosophical commitments, this family therapy model is not correct in its assumption. It is preposterous to attempt to reduce a strong culture like Christianity into a mere perspective in the realm of family therapy. One cannot justify the denial of the existence of metanarratives with postmodernism because they would be contradicting themselves by unknowingly classifying postmodernism as a metanarrative at the same time (Yarhouse, 2008). In my opinion, there are many reasons as to why the narrative family therapy model can never fit into the Christian framework. For instance, this model will always challenge the fundamental beliefs and principles that Christianity has been built on and preserved for centuries and generations. Furthermore, the post modernistic approach in this model fails to provide room for the interaction between Christianity and other fields of study like science (Yarhouse, 2008). To many Christian families, the meaning of life is derived from a combination of Christianity and other forms of study that attempt to unravel the mystery behind life’s countless phenomena and an attempt to server such a relationship will always be futile. In conclusion, Christianity has always drawn a clear line between good and bad. Therefore, the failure of the narrative family therapy model define in detail what differentiates a dysfunctional family from a functional one adds to the reasons why this model will never fit into a Christian framework. Reference Yarhouse, M. A., Sells, J. N. (2008). Family therapies: A comprehensive Christian appraisal. Downers Grove, Ill: IVP Academic.

African American History and Women Timeline 1870-1899

African American History and Women Timeline 1870-1899 [Previous] [Next] Women and African American History: 1870-1899 1870 15th Amendment to the US Constitution gave the right to vote without regard to race, color, or previous condition of servitude but the Amendment did not apply to African American women (or any other women) Susan McKinney Stewart, an early African American woman physician, received an M.D. from the New York Medical College and Hospital for Women 1871 (October 6) Fisk University Jubilee Singers began their first-ever national tour, singing gospel music to raise money for the University 1872 (April) Charlotte Ray admitted to the Washington, DC, bar; she graduated that year from Howard University Law School 1873 Sarah Moore Grimke died (abolitionist, womens rights proponent, sister of Angelina Grimke Weld) 1874 1875 (July 10) Mary McLeod Bethune born Civil Rights Act of 1875 outlaws discrimination in public accomodations (invalidated in Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896) 1876 1877 Rutherford B. Hayes ended Reconstruction by withdrawing US Army troops from the South 1878 1879 Mary Eliza Mahoney graduated from the nursing school at the New England Hospital for Women and Children, Boston, becoming the first African American professional nurse Angelina Emily Grimke Weld died (abolitionist, womens rights proponent, sister of Sarah Moore Grimke) 1880 (October 20)  Lydia Maria Child  died (abolitionist, writer) (November 11)  Lucretia Mott  died (Quaker abolitionist and womens rights advocate) 1881 Tennessee passed first Jim Crow laws Sophia B. Packard and Harriet E. Giles founded Spelman College, the first college for African American women 1882   (September 8)  Sarah Mapps Douglass  died 1883 (November 26)  Sojourner Truth  died (abolitionist, womens rights proponent, minister, lecturer)   Mary Ann Shadd Cary  became the second African American woman in the United States to earn a law degree 1884   Mary Church Terrell  (then Mary Church) graduated from Oberlin College (activist, clubwoman) (January 24)  Helen Pitts  married Frederick Douglass, setting off controversy and opposition to their interracial marriage 1885 (June 6)  ALelia Walker, daughter of  Madam C.J. Walker, born (activist, executive, Harlem Renaissance figure) Sarah Goode received the first patent awarded to an African American woman 1886 1887 1888 1889 (January 28) Prudence Crandall died (educator) 1890 Emma Frances Grayson Merritt (1860-1933) established the first U.S. kindergarten for African American students   The House of Bondage, a collection of slave narratives, published, written by former slave Octavia R. Albert   Clarence and Corinne or Gods Way  published by the American Baptist Publication, the first Sunday School book written by an African American Janie Porter Barrett founded the Locust Street Settlement House in Hampton, Virginia 1891 newspaper  Freedom: a Revolutionary Anarchist-Communist Monthly  founded by  Lucy Parsons 1892 Anna Julia Cooper published  Voice of the South, writing of the status of African American women   Hallie Brown  served as lady principal (dean of women), Tuskegee Institute President Benjamin Harrison entertained by Sissieretta Jones (singer) Frances Ellen Watkins Harper published  Iola Leroy: or Shadows Uplifted Patent issued for an ironing board invented by Sarah Boone (January)  Bessie Coleman  born (pilot) - or 1893 (October)  Ida B. Wells  published  Southern Horrors: Lynch Law and in All Its Phases, beginning her public anti-lynching campaign (-1894) many African American womens clubs were founded for race and womens progress New York City (Victoria Earle Matthews)Brooklyn (Susan McKinney)Boston (Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin) 1893 World Columbian Exposition largely excluded African Americans. A few African American women spoke at the fairs Womens Congress on The Intellectual Progress of Colored Women of the US Since Emancipation: Fannie Barrier Williams spoke on the responsibility of white men for sexual exploitation of African American women. Anna Julia Cooper and Fanny Jackson Coppin also spoke.Ida B. Wells, Frederick Douglass, and Ferdinand Barnett wrote The Reason Why the Colored American is Not in the Columbian Exposition. African Methodist Episcopal Church founded the Womens Home and Foreign Missionary Society publication of  The Autobiography of Amanda Berry Smith, AME Evangelist Fanny Kemble died (wrote about slavery)   Lucy Stone  died (editor, abolitionist, womens rights advocate) (April 13)  Nella Larson  born (writer, nurse) (June 5)  Mary Ann Shadd Cary  died (journalist, teacher, abolitionist, activist) (-1903)  Hallie Brown  served as professor of elocution at Wilberforce University 1894 Sarah Parker Remond died (anti-slavery lecturer whose British lectures probably helped keep the British from entering the American Civil War on the side of the Confederacy) National Association of Colored Women began publishing  The Womans Era Gertrude Mossell published  The Work of the Afro-American Woman 1895 National Federation of Afro-American Women founded by about 100 women from ten different states, the first national federation of black womens clubs. Margaret Washington was elected the first president. Founders included Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin,  Mary Church Terrell, Fannie Barrier Williams   Ida B. Wells  published  Red Record, a statistical study of lynching Frederick Douglass died (abolitionist, womens rights activist, lecturer) 1896 National Federation of African American Women and the Colored Womens League merged into the National Association of Colored Women, selecting  Mary Church Terrell  as president (March 18) Supreme Court in  Plessy v. Ferguson  upholds Louisiana law segregating railway cars, invalidating the Civil Rights Act of 1875, and leading to the passage of many more Jim Crow laws (July 1)  Harriet Beecher Stowe  died (writer) (July 21) National Association of Colored Women formed;  Mary Church Terrell, president 1897 Harriet Tubman won pension for her Civil War military service Victoria Earle Matthews founded the White Rose Mission to provide aid to Southern black women moving to New York City Phillis Wheatley Home for Aged Colored Ladies founded by Fannie M. Richards in Detroit the first of many named for the poet  Phillis Wheatley  to provide housing and services for single African American women in large cities Charlamae Rollins born (writer, librarian)   A Slave Girls Story  published, autobiography of Kate Drumgold   Marita Bonner  born (writer, teacher) 1899   Maggie Lena Walker  became head (Right Worthy Grand Secretary) of the Independent Order of St. Luke Society, which she helped transform into an effective philanthropic society in Richmond, Virginia [Previous] [Next] [1492-1699] [1700-1799] [1800-1859] [1860-1869] [1870-1899] [1900-1919] [1910-1919] [1920-1929] [1930-1939] [1940-1949] [1950-1959] [1960-1969] [1970-1979] [1980-1989] [1990-1999] [2000-]

Why car seat belts should be a law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Why car seat belts should be a law - Essay Example Research suggests that making seat belt use a primary offense does not result in reduced death rates, enforcement of law to wear seat belts in the car can adversely influence behavior, and risk is an individual factor, hence enforcement of seat belts only affect the external behavior posing higher risk to others including cyclists, pedestrian and other drivers. Proponents of imposing penalties for not using seat belts claim that increasing penalties increases the usage of seat belts, studies suggest otherwise. Even though states treating seal belt usage a primary offense reported that seat belt was used 74% of the times and those as a secondary offense reported usage at 61% times, these data do not prove that usage of seat belts has led to decreased traffic injuries and fatalities. No jurisdiction that has passed a seat belt law has shown evidence of a reduction in road accident deaths (Kopel, 1999). It is important to note that some people wear seat belt with or without enforcement of law. In 1996 in New York, when non usage of seat belt was a primary offense, it was observed that despite 74% usage, 46% of its fatally injured car occupants were wearing seat belts. In Iowa, with 75% usage of seat belts 50% of its fatally injured car occupants were wearing seat belts. Wyoming had no primary law enforcing seat belt usage but 72% usage was re ported. Thus, these data amply suggest that imposing penalties and treating seat belt usage a primary offense has not known to reduce accidents. Secondly, people would use seat belt even if no law is enforced. Enforcement of law to use seat belt in the car can adversely affect human behavior. In a study, when subjects who normally did not wear seat belts, were asked to do SO, they were found to drive faster, followed closely and braked later (Kopel). People who are naturally cautious would wear seat belts voluntarily. When reckless people are forced to wear seat belts, they drive more recklessly. According to Robertson,

Discuss the usefulness and problems with contingency theories in Essay

Discuss the usefulness and problems with contingency theories in understanding organisational structure. How relevant can they b - Essay Example It is relevant to consider development of contingency theory and its application to organizational structure in order organizations’ managers had an opportunity to develop flexible approaches to organizational structural development. Therefore, contingency theory is an alternative for organizations looking for solution of their current problems and tending to structural changes. A basic conceptual framework of contingency theory is a phrase â€Å"it depends† (Donaldson, 2001). Therefore, any managerial solution should be made with regard to the external factors of a certain situation in an organization. Moreover, a great role in establishing organizational structure plays nature of the environment of organization. In accordance with the contingency theory: â€Å"there is no one best way to organize; any way of organizing is not equally effective† (Galbraith, 1973). In case a perfect relation between nature of organization, external environment and organizational characteristics is established, an organization is on the right way to performance. Such kind of match is called a ‘contingency theory’ or ‘contingency perspective/view’ (Donaldson, 2001). Studies of organizational structures in relation to external conditions of organizations’ operation resulted in studies based on the contingency theory. ... In the study made by Burns and Stalker (1961) mechanistic and organic principles of organizations were discussed. In organizations, where mechanistic principles prevailed, top managers developed a policy. Such kind of organizations was characterized by inflexible policies and rigid decision making. Luthans (1973) develops the idea of relation of contingency theory to management theory. Before theory developed by Luthans management theories were not related to each other. For example, process theory was based on planning, organizing, directing, and controlling (Donaldson, 1996). In order to find a perfect balance between management theories, contingency theory was a unifying approach defining interrelatedness and mutual dependence of all integrative parts of management theories. This approach was broadened and resulted in a â€Å"theoretical model of Structural Adaptation to Regain Fit (SARFIT)† (Donaldson, 1987, 2001). This model can be interpreted in the following manner: in case an organization finds a best relation between internal and external resources, it reaches high performance levels. It is a right way to reach size growth, introduce innovations and diversification (Hamilton and Shergill, 1992). Contingency variables may lead to organizational misfit to external factors. As a result, levels of performance are decreased and structural changes are introduced (Chandler, 1962). SARFIT theory implies consideration of structural contingency theory as relation between divisionalization changes and strategic changes. Bums and Stalker (1961) are focused on â€Å"discussion about changes in mechanistic and organic structures with regard to technological and market change in the external conditions† (Bums and Stalker, 1961).

Human Resource Management Practice in the UK private security industry Essay

Human Resource Management Practice in the UK private security industry - Essay Example heir employer’s investment, ensure that laws are followed and implemented, and apart from preventing many other problems they prevent criminal activity (Brewster, 1994). The security personnel are expected to behave as a part of the culture of the organization and process information to protect the interests of their employers and suggest improvements in the infrastructure. This requires them to have good judgement and common sense as they need to follow directives given to them and moreover may be required to testify in courts. Their instinctual development and insights make them respond to emergencies effectively and take charge of the situation in a can do attitude while directing others to safety. Either in groups or working alone or being assisted by technology, the security personnel have to be solely responsible of any situation that calls for their immediate response (Brewster, 1994). Based on the needs and requirements of the industry and the dynamic way the companies progress, the recruitment and selection processes of these companies are made to follow government regulations and internal policies to ensure service and recruitment of personnel (Bratton, 2001). As human resource development has progressed so has the recruitment and selection process as well. The standards that are set professionally by the industrial psychologists suggest that the selection system has to be backed by a comprehensive job analysis to relate the selection criteria with the job requirement. The main requirements for the selection process are based on the knowledge of the applicant that is directly related to the job requirement. Furthermore, the assessment of the abilities and other characteristics of the recruits are evaluated for successful performance (Bratton, 2001). The objective of hiring personnel in security agencies to provide solutions to companies is to match the requirements while ensuring a profitable return on investment. The process of recruitment revolves

Saving Belizes Barrier Reefs Essay Example for Free

Saving Belizes Barrier Reefs Essay Earth’s resources are not limitless, they have breaking points and natural properties can be threatened by a multitude of factors that can leave the area in ruins. The Belize Barrier Reef is such an area. It is a breathtaking natural system, home to a diverse array of life forms, which is being threatened by mankind and environmental factors. Conservation efforts can be put into action to ensure the continued existence of this site, but those efforts require financial backing. With proper monetary support, the increased conservation efforts can reverse the destruction on the reef. The Belize Barrier Reef Reserve System is a rich and diverse ecosystem that can be preserved for the enjoyment of generations to come. * The coastal area of Belize is the location of The Belize Barrier Reef Reserve System. The reef is the largest of its kind within the northern hemisphere, stretching out over 200 miles along Belize’s coast. The reef contains many mangrove forests, large atolls, pristine lagoons, and approximately 450 sand cays. Additionally, the reef is home to a plethora of marine life which both directly and indirectly impacts this ecosystem and the diverse life contained within. The preservation of this site is crucial due to the abundant threatened species that make their home in the reef. Specifically, there are nearly a thousand species that inhabit the reef such as the loggerhead, green, and hawksbill sea turtles, the largest population of manatees in the world, and the American marine crocodile. Additionally, the reef system is home to numerous types of coral, sharks, barracuda, dolphins, angelfish, and several species of birds. The aquatic and plant life of the reef react and prosper through their connections; the reef and the vegetation within provide shelter and food for this array of life that live within (UNESCO World Heritage Centre, 1992-2012). * With the abundant life forms that exist within the reef, it is imperative that it be protected, yet the reef system is in danger as a result of huma n interference and climate issues. Because the world is a giant ecosystem, human mistreatment has led to imbalances on a dramatic level, such as fluctuating climate. This climate control issue is adversely affecting both  the water level in the reef and the organisms within. Tropical storms have been an issue as well as they threaten the coast with tidal waves and erosion, however the reef and mangrove cays do offer significant protection to the areas further inland (Young, 2008). According to World Resources Institute (2008), â€Å"Coral reefs and mangroves are highly interconnected habitats, physically supporting each other and providing habitat for many species. For example, mangroves filter sediment and pollutants from coastal runoff, supporting the clean water favored by corals. Many species important to fisheries and tourism rely upon mangrove habitat for part of their life-cycle† (p. 2). * With the delicate balance of this ecosystem and all it offers, it would stand to reason that locals would do everything possible to preserve the reef, yet that is not the case. In fact, locals and tourists are threatening this precious ecosystem and could cause its decline. Deforestation, oil drilling, and coastal development are all threats. In 2002 crude oil was discovered in Belize, igniting frenzy and attracting hundreds of prospectors. Additionally, the growing population and tourism industry has led to rapid development for both residential and commercial purposes (Young, 2008). â€Å"Over the last five decades, large-scale agriculture (citrus, bananas, sugar cane) and, more recently, large-scale aquaculture (shrimp and tilapia farming) have escalated at the expense of the forests. Coupled with rapid and increasing coastal development, illegal logging, and slash-and-burn agriculture, Belize is currently experiencing a deforestation rate that is twice that of Central America (2.3% vs. 1.2% annually)†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Young, 2008, para. 4). * Fortunately, others have realized the value of the reef system and have taken steps to protect it. â€Å"The preservation of the Belize Barrier Reef Reserve System is critical to both its marine inhabitants and the local communities that depend on the site for their livelihoods† (Terracurve, 2009, para. 3). In 2009, the United Nation Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) added the reef reserve system to their list of World Heritage in Danger sites. The UNESCO foundation hopes to spread the message that the Belize Reef System belongs to all people and its natural heritage and beauty should be protected (UNESCO World Heritage Centre, 1992-2012). Conservation efforts have also been put into play to ensure this world heritage sites continued existence. The department of fishery in Belize has recognized the need to reform the  national fisheries policy in an effort to control over fishing in the reefs, which is a substantial threat to the reef. Such reforms should help the over fished areas to rebuild, offer protection to the reefs and delicate coral, and add to the number of protected marine areas where fishing is not allowed (Wildlife Conservation Society, 2012). Conservation efforts for the Barrier Reef system still have a long way to go. Local Belize communities and their inhabitants are one group that can do much good towards the conservation of this national treasure. However, in order for this to happen the locals need to be educated on conservation and its benefits and become invested in the reefs. Although this is a challenge do to the extreme poverty that exists within Belize and the citizens’ access to educational information. Poverty greatly increases the instances of environmental misuse because those affected typically have greater worries than environmental conservation. In order to implement a conservation plan that includes involvement from local citizens, there must also be efforts made to boost the socio-economic standing of the citizens. Long term preservation of the reef could be financially beneficial to the Belize economy and better the citizen’s socio-economic standings. Additionally, allowing the citizens to work with the government officials towards making decisions concerning the reef will give them a sense of investment in the reef (Young, 2008). * Improving the socio-economic conditions in Belize and educating citizens is just a small step that can lead to more effective conservation efforts for the reef. That still leaves the issues of outside interference on the ecosystem such as oil drilling and deforestation. Although Belize has established a protection plan for certain land a sea areas, it is apparent that tighter restrictions are needed. In particular, oil drilling and deforestation are major issues that threaten the reef that should have increased restrictions placed on them. This will require increased monitoring and amendments to the protected area systems. Additionally, the three management teams which oversee the protected areas appear to all have different ideas concerning best conservation practices. For that reason it would make sense to unify the groups, leaving only one division to oversee the protected areas and enforce regulations (Meerman, 2004). Drastic measures to preserve the reef system need to be taken now, before it is too late. If conservation efforts are not increased, coral health and fish  populations will continue to decline and the mangrove cays will face extinction. As it stands, the shark population in the reef waters has already declined, which is an indicator as to the reefs health. The absence of sharks in the reefs allows the populations of barracudas and rays to increase and take control. These second rate predators can have damaging effects on the reefs if there numbers are not controlled, such as limiting the populations of parrot fish, conch, and lobster. Lobster is important in Belize as it is one of t he country’s major exports. Parrot fish play an integral role in the reef as well, they are plant eaters and there food source is algae. Without parrot fish and other plant eating fish eating the algae and keeping it in check, it will spread until the reef is consumed by it, which could be irreversible (Kryt Ward, 2008). The Barrier Reef Reserve System off of the coast of Belize is breathtaking example of nature’s beauty. Additionally, it is a precious natural system teaming with diverse life forms. Although climate and human interference have caused the reef to become an endangered site, it is not too late to reverse the effects of mistreatment. Education on conservation efforts and increased restrictions can greatly increase the reefs chances of survival for generations to come. Without these efforts, a precious natural resource will be lost, and the reef is most certainly worth preserving. References * Kryt, K. Ward, J. (2008). Trouble in paradise-the struggle to save Belize’s Glover’s atoll. Retrieved from http://www.earthisland.org/journal/index.php/eij/article/trouble_in_paradise/ Meerman, J.C. (2004). Protected Areas Policy and System Plan: Protected Area System Assessment Analysis. Retrieved from http://biological-diversity.info/NPAPSP.htm * Terracurve. (2009). Help protect the Belize Barrier Reef with the support of the United Nations. Retrieved from http://www.terracurve.com/2009/07/01/help-protect-the-belize-barrier-reef-with-the-support-of-the-united-nations/ * UNESCO World Heritage Centre. (1992-2012). Belize Barrier Reef Reserve System. Retrieved from http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/764 Wildlife Conservation Society. (2012).

Symbolism in A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams Essay

Symbolism in A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams â€Å"Symbols are nothing but the natural speech of drama†¦the purest language of plays.† Once, quoted as having said this, Tennessee Williams has certainly used symbolism and colour extremely effectively in his play, ‘A Streetcar Named Desire’. A moving story about fading Southern belle Blanche DuBois and her lapse into insanity, ‘A Streetcar Named Desire’ contains much symbolism and clever use of colour. This helps the audience to link certain scenes and events to the themes and issues that Williams presents within the play, such as desire and death, and the conflict between the old America and the new. Scene Three is one of the pivotal scenes of the play. That Williams thought of it in this way is indicated by his choice of the title ‘The Poker Party’ for the third version of the play. The scene begins with extremely explicit stage directions, and one will note that Williams intends the stage to be full of bright, vivid colours - to signify the coarseness and directness of the poker players and their surroundings. The yellow linoleum, the bright green glass shade, the blue red and green of the men’s shirts - all are colourful and contrasting, and this is indicative that they are impervious to subtlety and ambiguity, two of Blanche’s key characteristics. She is usually seen wearing whites and pinks, and looking very soft and feminine. This will, on stage, contrast oddly with the colour and brightness around her. Williams uses this technique of colour to signify Blanche’s inability to fit in with her surroundings. However, she is also seen in differe nt colours, symbolic of what she is doing at that moment. She is usually seen in white, indicative of the purity she claims to possess. At other instances, she is dressed in a scarlet silk robe, when she is flirting with Stanley and Mitch. This is suggestive of a ‘scarlet woman’, and draws the audience’s attention to Blanche’s fatal flaw. When on stage together, Blanche’s frilly, dainty clothes are in sharp contrast with Stanley’s greasy seersucker pants, or his vivid green bowling shirt. Blanche herself is symbolic of the old, genteel South, while Stanley epitomises the new generation of working-class Americans; this clash is cleverly brought out by their contrasting costumes. It is also interesting to note that in Scene Eleven, Blanche is dressed in ... ... all the games. Blanche’s fear of bright light is symbolic of her fear of being exposed for who she really is, and her incessant bathing is almost like a ritual cleansing of sins that she can never really purge. Her inability to use the telephone to contact Shep Huntleigh and Mitch is also indicative of her inability to communicate with the other people in her world, which is partly the reason for her subsequent insanity. Few playwrights use symbolism as extensively as Tennessee Williams, and even fewer use it as effectively as he. Even in ‘The Glass Menagerie’ he uses Laura’s collection of glass figurines as symbols, giving insight into her multi-faceted character, and her delicate, fanciful ways. The fate of the unicorn is also a smaller-scale version of her fate at the end of the play. Williams is fully aware of the fact that plays are meant to be staged. His themes and issues are complex, so he uses symbols and colours to highlight events and important issues, thus helping his audience. Looking deeply into his play, we see that not only is ‘A Streetcar Names Desire’ full of symbolism, the play itself is symbolic of the clashes between Old and New, the Past and the Present.